The Progressivity of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab's Ijtihad in Responding to Community Social Changes

Authors

  • Fauzan Arrasyid Pengadilan Agama Sungai Rampah, Indonesia
  • Pagar Pagar Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia
  • Dhiauddin Tanjung Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia
  • Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.4872

Keywords:

Progressive Law, Ijtihad, Social Change

Abstract

This study aims to see how Umar Ibn Al-Khattab's legal ijtihad typology responds to social changes that occur in society. Ijtihad is a legal decision-making process based on syar'i arguments. During his leadership, Umar ibn Khattab was known to history as one of the caliphs who often performed ijtihad and the results often differed from those of other companions of the Prophet in terms of understanding and practice of Islamic law. Umar bin Khattab often recited the Quranic texts and hadith of the Prophet by contextualizing verses and hadiths through his maqasid approach.  This research uses normative legal research methods. The data were obtained through literature review and analyzed using a descriptive analysis approach. The results showed that Umar's ijtihad pattern of Islamic law in some cases is considered as an integrated, integral, and authentic understanding in order to realize the benefit of Muslims. He carried out the policy of Islamic law by paying attention to rapidly developing social changes. Although his Ijtihad seems contrary to the provisions of the text, in fact Umar can be said to be able to understand the general principles (al-ushul al-kulliyat) of the Koran.  So that the Quranic text, which has descended historically, can always provide answers and solutions to social problems of society that are always undergoing changes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbasi, Muhammad Zubair. “Islamic Law and Social Change: An Insight into the Making of Anglo-Muhammadan Law.†Journal of Islamic Studies 25, no. 3 (September 2014): 325–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/etu045.

Adam, Nur Hairat, and Titin Samsudin. “Struktur Sosial Hukum Islam Pada Periode Pembentukan (Pembacaan Atas Ijtihad Umar Bin Khattab).†As-Syams: Journal Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (Agustus 2020): 80–90.

Akbar, Muhammad Riqki, Surya Agusriadi, and Wira Edi Dastia. “Kontroversi Kebijakan Fiskal Non-Zakat Khalifah Umar Bin Khattab.†Syar’ie : Jurnal Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.51476/syarie.v6i1.411.

Al-Butt, M Said Ramadhan. DawÄbit Al-Maá¹£laḥah. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-RisÄlah, 2000.

Alimuddin, Agus, Fani Monada Essa Putri, Immawan Azhar Ben Atasoge, and Risa Alvia. “Baitul Mal Dan Ghanimah Studi Tentang Ijtihad Umar Bin Khattab Dalam Penguatan Lembaga Keuangan Publik.†FINANSIA: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Perbankan Syariah 5, no. 1 (June 2022): 31–44. https://doi.org/10.32332/finansia.v5i01.4823.

Al-Qayyim, Ibnu. A’lÄm al-Muwaqqi’īn. Beirut: Daar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2000.

Fauzi, Ahmad. “Konsep Muallaf dalam Islam (Studi Kritis Terhadap Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab).†Madania: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 11, no. 1 (6): 29–39.

Hasyim, Mohammad. Hillah Dalam Perspektif Sejarah Sosial Hukum Islam Dalam Pesantren. Vol. VIII. 2. Jakarta: P3M, 1991.

Hisan, Khairatun, and Arif Dian Santoso. “Analisis Syar’iyyah Ijtihad Umar Bin Khattab Terhadap Hadd Sariqah.†Al-Jinayah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 6, no. 2 (2020): 397–319. https://doi.org/10.15642/AJ.2020.6.2.397-319.

Jawwas, Fahmi. “Posisi Naá¹£ Dalam Ijtihad Umar Ibn Khaá¹­á¹­Äb.†Jurnal Studia Islamika 10, no. 2 (2013): 363.

Mahmashani, Subhi, and Ahmad Sudjono. Falsafat al–Tasyri’ Fi Al–Islam. Bandung: Al-Ma`arif, 1981.

Minhaji, Ahmad. Reformasi Hukum Islam Dalam Perspektif Sejarah Dalam Muhammadiyah Dan Reformasi. Yogyakarta: Majelis Pustaka, 1999.

Munif, Ahmad. “Analisis Pendapat Khalifah Umar Bin Khattab tentang Penundaan Penarikan Zakat Binatang Ternak Kambing yang Telah Mencapai Nisab.†Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 205. https://doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v3i2.205-230.

Naim, Ngainun, and Qomarul Huda. “Pendekatan Interdisipliner dalam Studi Hukum Islam Perspektif M. Atho Mudzhar.†Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 41. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i1.2253.

Nuruddin, Amiur. Ijtihad Umar Bin Khattab: Studi Tentang Perubahan Hukum Dalam Islam. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1987.

Octaviani, Nur Danisia, Taufik Kurahman, and Moh Iqbal Assyauqi. “Reinterpretasi Teks Hukum Potong Tangan Perspektif Hermeneutika Khaled M. Abou El Fadl.†Al-Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan 16, no. 4 (n.d.): 1537–50. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v16i4.1155.

Pajarianto, Hadi, Imam Pribadi, and Puspa Sari. “Tolerance between Religions through the Role of Local Wisdom and Religious Moderation.†HTS: Theological Studies 78, no. 4 (January 27, 2022). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7043.

Ramli, Jufriadi, and Ibrahim Ibnor Azli. “Marriage with a Woman of Ahli Kitab According to Ijitihad ’Umar Bin al-Khattab.†Birata: International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences 5, no. 2 (2022): 11–22.

Rianda, Cut Nova, Asra Febriani, and Yoni Hendrawan. “Implementasi Maqashid Syar`iyyah Dalam Ijtihad Umar Bin Khattab.†Jurnal Ekonomi & Perbankas Syariah 2, no. 2 (2022): 307–21. https://doi.org/10.37598/JEIPS.V2I2.

Ridwan, Muhammad. “Implementasi Syariat Islam: Telaah atas Praktik Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab.†TSAQAFAH 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 231. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v13i2.1507.

Ridwan, Ridwan. “Telaah Pemikiran Hukum Progresif Umar Bin Khattab Perspektif Indonesia.†Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 13, no. 1 (2018): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.33059/JHSK.V13I1.696.

Ritzer, Douglas George, and J Goodman. Teori Sosiologi Modern. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group., n.d.

Sari, Widya, Muhammad Arif, and E. Elkhairati. “Pemikiran Ibrahim Hosen Tentang Konsep Pernikahan dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pembaruan Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia.†Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 127. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i1.2540.

Siregar, Iskandar. “The Relationship between Conflict and Social Change in the Perspective of Expert Theory: A Literature Review.†International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies 2, no. 1 (n.d.): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjahs.2022.2.1.2.

Zafar, Wihag, and Ishaq Anshari. “Pengembangan Fiqh Islam.†Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (1992): 41–47.

Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. MuḥÄá¸arah FÄ« TÄrÄ«kh Al-MadhÄhib al-Fiqhiyah. Mesir: Maá¹­ba’ah al- MadÄnÄ«, 2000.

Downloads

Published

16-05-2023

How to Cite

Arrasyid, F., Pagar, P., Tanjung, D., & Nor, M. R. M. (2023). The Progressivity of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab’s Ijtihad in Responding to Community Social Changes. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(1 May), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.4872

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 May (2023)

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).