Under The Shadow of Patriarchy: Women Position in Minangkabau Matrilineal System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29240/ajis.v9i2.10149Keywords:
Matrilineal, Women, Secondary Creation, PatriarchyAbstract
In traditional books it is often said that women in Minangkabau have a high position. The tradition that based on the syariah Islam is presumed to value her exixtance, care about her welfare, and listen to her opinion. This argument is often directed to the conclusion that the principle of gender equality has finally been implemented in the reality of Minangakabau society. However, in reality, such equality is not found in traditional meetings which are still patriarchal. This patriarchal pattern can also be seen in the philosophy of tali tigo sapilin (three twisted ropes) which symbolizes the three main leaders in Minangkabau society, namely niniak mamak, alim ulama, and cadiak pandai (tribal leader, religious leader, and scholar). The elimination of the Bundo Kanduang element in this philosophy seems to contradict the narrative of equality being promoted. Therefore, this article aims to examine in more depth the patriarchal patterns inherent in traditional books and in the reality of matrilineal Minangkabau society. The method used in this research is the critical analysis method. This research shows that Minangkabau women are, on the one hand, protected in terms of by their welfare by the customs. However, on the other hand, traditional reality shows that Minangkabau women are actually positioned as secondary creation, which is the main feature of patriarchal society.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, Taufik. “Some Notes on the Kaba Tjindua Mato: An Example of Minangkabau Traditional Literature.” Indonesia 9 (April 1970): 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/3350620.
Amir M.S. Adat Minangkabau Pola Dan Tujuan Hidup Orang Minang. Jakarta: Mutiara Sumber Widya, 2006.
Arif Rohman. “The Comparison of Power and Aouthority of Women in China and Minangkabau Societies.” International Journal of Huaniora and Social Studies 2, no. 12 (2014): 141–45.
Asbir Datuak Rajo Mangkuto. Kesulthanan Minangkabau Pagaruyuang Darul Quorar. Jakarta: Taushia, 2010.
Atikurrahman, Moh, Wahidah Zein Br Siregar, and Shabrina An Adzhani. “Belenggu Maskulinitas Dalam Kultur Matrilineal Minangkabau: Ambivalensi Sitti Nurbaya Dan Beberapa Citra Kolosal Gender Pada Roman Marah Roesli.” SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya 4, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 94–104. https://doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2022.4.2.94-104.
Atmazaki. Dinamika Jender Dalam Konteks Adat Dan Agama. Padang: UNP, 2002.
Burhanuddin, Nunu. “Membincang Persepsi Keterpinggiran Perempuan.” ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 16, no. 1 (2015): 57–74. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v16i1.987.
Dt. Panduko Alam. Kaba Rancak Di Labuah. Bukittinggi: Kristal Multimedia, 2011.
Elfira, Mina. “BUNDO KANDUANG: A POWERFUL OR POWERLESS RULER? LITERARY ANALYSIS OF KABA CINDUA MATO (HIKAYAT NAN MUDA TUANKU PAGARUYUNG).” Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 30. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v11i1.48.
Erianjoni. “Pergeseran Citra Perempuan Minangkabau Dari Konsepsi Ideal Tradisional Dan Realitas.” Kafaah: Journal of Gender Studies 12 (2011): 225–34.
Fithri, Widia. “Dysfunction of Bundo Kanduang and the Collapse of the Rumah Gadang.” Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education. Vol. 12, 2021.
Gerda Lerner. The Creation of Patriarchy . New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Grant, Rachel A., and V. Tamara Montrose. “It’s a Man’s World: Mate Guarding and the Evolution of Patriarchy.” Mankind Quarterly 58, no. 3 (2018): 384–418. https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2018.58.3.2.
H. Datoek Toeah. Tambo Alam Minangkabau Tatanan Adat Warisan Nenek Moyang Orang Minang. Bukittinggi: CV. Pustaka Indonesia, n.d.
H. Datoek Toeah Payakumbuh. Tambo Alam Minangkabau Tatanan Adat Warisan Nenek Moyang Orang Minang. 13th ed. Bukittinggi: Pustaka Indonesia, n.d.
HAMKA. Islam Dan Adat Minangkabau. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1984.
Idrus Hakimi. Rangkaian Mustika Adat Basandi Syara’ Di Minangkabau. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2004.
Kurnia Putri, Dewi, Nur Hidayat Sardini, and Puji Astuti. “Budaya Matrilineal Dalam Keterwakilan Perempuan Daerah Kota Bukittinggi.” Journal of Politic and Government Studies 11, no. 3 (2022).
Mardian Sulistyati. “Male Order Dalam Konstruksi Seksual Perempuan Minangkabau.” Musawa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 21, no. 2 (2022): 157–69.
Markus Dirk Dubber. The Police Power Patriarchy and the Foundations of American Government. New York: Columbia University Press, 1893.
Meiyenti, Sri, and Afrida Afrida. “The Inequality of Right and Obligation of Minangkabau Men in Matrilineal System.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 12–22. https://doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.2466.
Nasruloh, Mochamad Nadif, and Taufiq Hidayat. “BUDAYA PATRIARKI DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (PEMAHAMAN TEKS AL-QUR’AN DAN KESETARAAN GENDER),” n.d. https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/Yudisia/index.
Peggy Reeves Sanday. Women at the Center: Life in a Modern Matriarchy. London: Cornel University Press, 2002.
Prof. Putireno Raudhatul Jannah. “Kekerabatan Matrilineal Minangkabau Di Indonesia.” Indonesia, April 13, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DScPhKf_Dig.
Rahima Zakia. “Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender Dalam Adat Minangkabau.” Kafaah Jurnal of Gender Studies 1, no. 1 (2011).
Rosemarie Putnam Tong. Feminist Thought Pengantar Paling Komprehensif Kepada Arus Utama Pemikiran Faminis. Bandung: Jalasutra, n.d.
Sadawi, Nawal El. Perempuan Dalam Budaya Patriarki. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2001.
Silmi Novita Nurman. “Kedudukan Perempuan Minang Dalam Perspektif Gender.” Jurnal Al-Aqidah 11, no. 1 (June 2019): 90–99.
Simon de Beauvoir. Second Sex: Kehidupan Perempuan. Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2016.
Sismarni. “Perubahan Peranan Bundo Kanduang Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Minangkabau Modern.” Kafaah: Journal of Gender Studies 1, no. 1 (2011).
Tengku Rika Valentina dan Roni Ekha Putera. “Posisi Perempuan Etnis Minangkabau Dalam Dunia Patriarki Di Sumatera Barat Dalam Perspektif Agama, Keluarga Dan Budaya.” Jurnal Demokrasi 7, no. 1 (2008).
Valentina, Tengku, and Cici Safitri. “Minang Women in The Patriarchy Cultural Maelstrom: Viewed from The View of Religion and Culture.” In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Gender, Culture and Society, ICGCS 2021, 30-31 August 2021, Padang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-8-2021.2316280.
Yanti, Risa Marta, Lahirnya Pergerakan, Perempuan Minangkabau, Risa Marta, Yanti Sekolah, Tinggi Kejuruan, Ilmu Pendidikan, and Pgri Lubuklinggau. “Lahirnya Pergerakan Perempuan Minangkabau Pada Awal Abad XX,” 2017. http://kafaah.org/index.php/kafaah/index.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rahmah Eka Saputri, Amril Amril, Nurjannah Nurjannah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
